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AhR is also known to cross talk with
2024-12-25
AhR is also known to “cross-talk” with a variety of other cell signaling pathways, which has been the focus of a number of recent reviews [40], [41], [42]. It has long been known that TCDD is anti-estrogenic. For example, activation of AhR by TCDD and related HAHs inhibits estrogen dependent uterus
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Given the powerful and ubiquitous
2024-12-25
Given the powerful and ubiquitous nature of adenosine action within the CNS, basal levels of extracellular adenosine are carefully regulated and are estimated to be in the region of 30–300 nM (Fredholm et al., 2001). The two main pathways for the control of extracellular adenosine involve phosphoryl
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br Conflict of interest br Financial support br Acknowledgme
2024-12-25
Conflict of interest Financial support Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Japanese Millennium project. We thank all members of the Center for Genomic Medicine of RIKEN and Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. for supporting this study. We are also grateful to members of the Hiros
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Although effects of low concentrations
2024-12-25
Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major Caspase-1 activity measurement α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylchol
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br Conclusion br Acknowledgements br Introduction Synapses
2024-12-24
Conclusion Acknowledgements Introduction Synapses are the fundamental elements of neuronal networks that enable the processing, encoding, and retrieval of information in the brain, and pathological disruptions in synapse structure are broadly held to underlie the development of neurological
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Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have been distin
2024-12-24
Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have been distinguished (Fig. 3): the first category comprises synthetic arginase inhibitors, which have been developed from the substrate l-arginine [35]; and the second category includes inhibitors derived from natural products [36]. The category of synt
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Besides above mentioned UV visible and fluorescence spectros
2024-12-24
Besides above-mentioned UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy methods, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, the only analytical method that detect compounds having unpaired electrons known as free radicals, was rarely used in antioxidant capacity measurement (Amarowicz et al., 2004
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br Introduction Sustained over activation of neurohormonal
2024-12-24
Introduction Sustained over-activation of neurohormonal systems is a hallmark in the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2 system (RAAS) constitute cornerstones of p
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br Conclusions In summary we
2024-12-24
Conclusions In summary, we report a novel preliminary finding of a potential racial difference in the association of Cd-content and AR expression in prostate cancer that will need to be confirmed in larger studies. Although the association of Cd and AR protein expression is not strong in tumor ti
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Introduction AMP activated protein kinase AMPK is mainly kno
2024-12-24
Introduction AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is mainly known as a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed energy sensor that is highly sensitive to changes in cellular energy levels (by sensing increases in AMP:ATP and ADP:ATP ratios) and makes appropriate adjustment to balance the consumpt
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Endophilin
2024-12-24
Materials and methods Results Discussion Endophilin A1 is a membrane-binding protein that is mainly distributed in the central nervous system (Giachino et al., 1997), localizes in the dendritic shafts and spines of mature neurons (Yang et al., 2015), and relates to the function and morpholo
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Introduction Increasing environmental pollution caused by
2024-12-24
Introduction Increasing environmental pollution caused by heavy metals, originating mainly from industrial processes and urban activities, as well as the widespread application of pesticides, fertilizers, manure and sewage sludge, has posed a serious problem for safe food production and become a po
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br Materials and methods br Results and
2024-12-24
Materials and methods Results and discussion First, we examined whether hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways are regulated postprandially in chickens. Refeeding significantly (P BAY85-3934 concentrations significantly increased in chicks after 1 h of refeeding (958 ± 245% of 24 h-fast
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Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (human) According to average seru
2024-12-24
According to average serum fat content of 6.9 g/L (Phillips et al., 1989) and serum dioxin level from individuals exposed to dioxins as the result of accidents in Seveso (Needham et al., 1997), Taiwan (Guo et al., 2004) and Vietnam (The Tai et al., 2011) the median serum concentration of TCDD would
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It is important to note that
2024-12-24
It is important to note that stable amnesia is, apparently, a general biological phenomenon and can be found in different animal species. In studies on rats, it was found that if reconsolidation of conditioned olfactory aversion memory was impaired by the antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors, amne
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